Who is known for principles of vaccinations/pasteurization?

• A. Albert Einstein
• B. Louis Pasteur
• C. Johannes Kepler
• D. Ernest Rutherford

Answer: (B)

Louis Pasteur is the scientist most associated with vaccinations and pasteurization. He showed that microbes can cause disease and that exposing people to weakened or attenuated forms of a microbe can train the immune system to fight it, which is the core idea behind vaccination. His work produced vaccines for diseases like anthrax and rabies, demonstrating how immunity can be induced safely. At the same time, he developed pasteurization, a process of heating liquids such as milk to kill harmful microbes while preserving the product. This combination—using weakened pathogens to prevent disease and controlled heating to prevent spoilage and illness—established foundational methods for public health and safe food processing. (Einstein is known for relativity, Kepler for planetary motion, Rutherford for atomic theory.)